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skip to content notes on disordered matter addressing confusion about physics of disordered materials, and adding to it… ;-) links some links collected over the last months. i am sure you have heard of the hybrid perovskite solar cells. here the current best research-cell efficiency chart from nrel : the perovskite efficiencies improved quite rapidly to more than 22% power conversion efficiency (let’s hope the stability improves as well), but other thin film pv technologies such as cigs also gain momentum again, as evidenced by the increasing slope in the chart;-) related to efficiency reporting: nrel article claims for solar cell efficiency put to test at nrel featuring keith emery who is well known for coauthoring the solar cell efficiency tables for a reading list on hybrid perovskite solar cells (and if you do not mind mendeley so much), see a large collection at the corresponding mendeley group initiated by aron walsh matt might’s productivity tips, tricks and hacks for academics . i linked to this in 2012, but it is regularly updated and also worth to be read again. see also the other articles and howtos. let me highlight the posts cripple your technology as productivity boost for focussed work, and how to get tenure in view of an academic career terence tao’s career advice . while focussed on an academic career in mathematics, it is relevant also for natural sciences. by the way, a nice portrait on terence tao can be found in the ney york times magazine: the singular mind of terry tao i was reminded again by a post of ross mckenzie of the last week tonight show by the comedian john oliver on scientific studies tweet by f x coudert on a paper retraction: resigning as (co)author afterwards should not be possible! related from the retraction watch blog: weekend reads and a summary of recent posts the feynman lectures on physics for free online reading (probably linked to them before) kingsreview: how academia and publishing are destroying scientific innovation: a conversation with sydney brenner patt thomson on the pdf alibi syndrome . know thyself… a nature editorial: take more risks – scientific innovation is being smothered by a culture of conformity nature’s monya baker asks if there is a reproducibility crisis in science: 1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility . shows clearly that impact and reporducibility should have a better balance anonymous academic writes in the guardian, academics are being hoodwinked into writing books nobody can buy – interesting and somewhat depressing experience regarding the scientific publishing business for beginners and advanced referees: niklas elmquist on mistakes reviewers make i will be at the iscpac 2016 meeting next week. in case you are also there, meet up:-) [2016-06-07 some updates in the afternoon;-)] advertisements author deibel posted on 7. june 2016 7. june 2016 categories science&culture tags science , solar cells leave a comment on links the diode ideality factor in organic solar cells: basics where does one start after so long an absence — meaning only the blog abstinence; i have been working and publishing since last time;-) one of the things which have been on my mind is the ideality factor, a figure of merit for the charge carrier recombination mechanism in a semiconductor diode. in short, a diode ideality factor of 1 is interpreted as direct recombination of electrons and holes across the bandgap. an ideality factor of 2 is interpreted as recombination through defects states, i.e. recombination centres. more on that in a later post, let’s start with the basics. a couple of years ago, i wrote about some general properties of current-voltage characteristics of organic solar cells , but did not describe the ideality factor. 1 i think the ideality factor was mentioned only once , and then without details. the shockley diode equation describes the current–voltage characteristics of a diode, . here, current, the voltage, elementary charge, thermal voltage, the dark saturation current, and the photogenerated current. if the ideality factor was equal to one, one could call this the ideal shockley equation. it derivation can be found in semiconductor text books, but it can also be derived based on thermodynamic arguments (see peter würfel’s excellent book on the physics of solar cells ). the current flowing out of the diode is defined to be negative. essentially, the charge carriers which can flow out are the generated ones (e.g. ), but reduced by the recombination current. that means, . however, the term contains also a negative contribution, times the from the bracket. this is the thermal generation current , i.e. charge carriers excited across the bandgap just by thermal energy — and therefore very little. still, the term is very important, as it is the prefactor of the whole curve. without light, i.e. with photocurrent , we can clarify . so that at negative voltages, . (please note that under realistic conditions, is not only pretty small and difficult to measure in principle, it is also hidden behind shunt currents in the device. ) at zero volt, . thus, generation = recombination — or more specifically, thermal generation current = recombination current — which essentially implies that 0v correspond to the open circuit voltage in the dark. how can one determine the ideality factor and the dark saturation current (at least in principle, see below for a better way on real devices)? it is common to neglect the thermal generation current (the term -1, multiplied by ), which is a good approximation for voltages some larger than 0. then, calculate the logarithm of the dark current ( ), , so that the ideality factor can be determined from the inverse slope of the ln(current) at forward bias, and the dark saturation current from the current-axis offset. let me already tell you that i do not recommend this approach, for reasons written below, and as explained in more detail in a recent paper of kris tvingstedt and myself [ tvingstedt/deibel 2016 ]. under illumination and at open circuit conditions, , we can rewrite the shockley equation as , which has the same shape as the shockley equation in the dark. this means that if you measure ( ) pairs for a (wide) range of different illumination intensities (thus varying ), the points should overlap with the dark curve! we’ll come back to this important point further below. note that for solar cells with good fill factor, can be approximated by the short circuit current . continue reading “the diode ideality factor in organic solar cells: basics” author deibel posted on 14. may 2016 26. may 2016 categories organic solar cells tags ideality factor , nongeminate recombination , organic solar cells 2 comments on the diode ideality factor in organic solar cells: basics interaction of light with solids in experiment and simulation hi there, sorry for not getting back to you but starting a new group and having new responsibilities (e.g. involvement in new degree programmes for material science) can take (part of) the blame. just as brief progress indicator, here a link to an interview of the chemnitz university of technology press office with me. (photo: uwe meinhold) the official short name of my group is opkm , for optics and photonics of condensed matter. for the (very) long official name i refer you to the web page of the institute of physics at the tuc;-) the size of my group is growing slowly but steadily, and the lab building shows progress as well: setups for time correlated single photon counting to measure photoluminescence transients – e.g. to determine charge carrier recombination in perovskite solar cells – and for confocal measurements of luminescence are already available from my predecessor’s group: we just adapt them to our needs. other setups, time resolved and steady state, are being built and come along nicely. solar cell preparation is still improvised, using the glovebox system of a colleague and the evaporation chamber of anothe

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https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/2008/08/
https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/2016/05/14/the-diode-ideality-factor-in-organic-solar-cells-recombination/#comment-17455
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https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/2011/03/10/new-life-now-for-real/
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https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/2008/07/
https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/author/deibel/
https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/category/physics/
https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/2013/08/21/nongeminate-recombination-in-organic-solar-cells-slower-than-expected/#more-723
https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/tag/scienceculture/
https://blog.disorderedmatter.eu/2010/08/
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